A case study in market entry strategy

When a Chinese brand enters America, the first decision is which door.

There are two playbooks. One starts in Chinatown and hopes to cross over. The other walks straight into the mainstream. The choice reveals how a brand sees itself. And sets a ceiling on day one.

Scroll to begin
Act I

Two doors.
Two playbooks.
The choice tells you everything.

For decades, the default playbook for Asian beverage brands entering the US started in the same places: Flushing. Chinatown. The San Gabriel Valley. Build a diaspora base, prove demand, then try to cross over. The entire Taiwanese boba wave (Gong Cha, ShareTea, Kung Fu Tea, CoCo) grew this way.

And new Chinese brands are still doing it. In 2024, Molly Tea opened its first US store in Flushing, Queens. Auntea Jenny did the same. Their marketing manager said it plainly: "We chose Chinatown's location to use Chinatown as a gateway."

The Side Door

Diaspora First

Flushing, Chinatown, SGV
Built-in customer base
Ceiling set on day one

Molly Tea · Auntea Jenny · Gong Cha · CoCo

The Front Door

Mainstream First

Premium malls, high-traffic hubs
Category-defining, not category-joining
No ceiling

Heytea · Luckin · Chagee

The pattern is clean: smaller brands start in diaspora neighborhoods. The biggest, best-capitalized brands go straight to mainstream. But even among the front-door brands, one made a choice that stands apart.

Heytea and Luckin went to Manhattan. Chagee went to Century City.

Illustration of Zhang Junjie, founder of Chagee, rendered in engraving style against Yunnan motifs (elephant, bamboo, pagoda, peonies) in Chagee's signature navy
Act II / The Empire

Before it came for America, Chagee conquered China.

霸王茶姬  ·  NASDAQ: CHA  ·  Founded 2017, Kunming, Yunnan[1]

Zhang Junjie was orphaned at 10. Homeless for seven years. Couldn't read until 18. He taught himself while working 12-hour shifts at a milk tea shop in Kunming.[1]

By 24, he'd founded his own brand. By 32, he'd taken it public on the NASDAQ with a $5.1 billion valuation.[1][2]

Revenue Growth (RMB Billions) · 25x in two years[3]
¥0B ¥5B ¥10B ¥15B 2022 2023 2024 ¥0.49B ¥4.64B ¥12.41B
0
Stores globally[4]
0
Net profit margin (2024)[5]
0
Cups of one SKU sold[6]
8sec
Per cup, fully automated[6]

Zhang's stated model: Starbucks. A global lifestyle brand built on one core product, operational consistency, and a "third space" experience. He wanted to be bigger than boba.

The Chinese media called it the "Oriental Starbucks." He encouraged the comparison.[1]

Act III / The Wall

Then it all started
coming apart.

NASDAQ: CHA · IPO to present[2]
$28.00
IPO Price · April 17, 2025
Average Monthly GMV Per Store (RMB) · The real story[7]
¥300K ¥450K ¥600K ¥574K Q4 '23 ¥549K Q1 '24 ¥456K Q4 '24 ¥432K Q1 '25 ¥404K Q2 '25 ¥379K Q3 '25 34% decline from peak

A timeline of things going wrong

May 2024

Caffeine hospitalizations

Multiple reports of heart palpitations and ER visits. A large cup contains around 184mg caffeine.[8]

Nov 2024

Malaysia lottery rigging

Widely negative sentiment. Legal threats against critics backfire badly.[8]

Jan 2025

Ice Borlang ingredient scandal

"Fresh milk" claims undermined when testing reportedly reveals about 19% real milk content with emulsifiers and thickeners.[8]

Mar 2025

Nine-dash line controversy

China's territorial claims appear in Vietnam/Malaysia app. Boycott calls. Vietnam entry delayed indefinitely.[8]

Dec 2025

"Quasi-drug" influencer claims

14% stock drop in a single day.[8][9]

Jan 2026

Barehand drink-mixing video

Employee filmed herself stirring tea barehanded. Trending #1 on Weibo. Store closed. Employee fired.[8]

Stock down 58% from IPO.[2] Same-store sales cratering 20%+.[7] JP Morgan initiates with a Sell rating.[9] The "Oriental Starbucks" narrative is in freefall.

And this is when they decided to enter the United States.

Act IV / The Front Door

Not Flushing.
Not Chinatown.
Not even Manhattan.
Century City.

Westfield Century City mall. West Los Angeles. Between Gucci and Louis Vuitton. 5,000+ cups served on opening day.

Act V / The Signals

Every choice was a signal.

Heytea went to Times Square. High foot traffic, tourist-heavy, volume play. Luckin went to Greenwich Village. Student-adjacent, value-priced, convenience play. Chagee went to a luxury mall in West LA. The address is the positioning.

I

Location

A premium mall. A luxury anchor tenant list. Century City draws entertainment executives, tourists, affluent West LA. The address declares the competitive set before a single cup is poured.

II

No Boba

They excluded tapioca pearls entirely. Refusing the most recognizable Asian tea signifier forces customers to judge the product on its own terms.

III

Pricing

$5.95-$7.75 per cup. Positioned against Starbucks lattes, above the $4 boba shops. The price declares the category.

IV

Ribbon Cutting

Emily Ratajkowski. A fashion-adjacent mainstream cultural figure. The signal: we belong in your world, and we brought someone you already recognize.

V

The Pastry Partner

Farmshop Bakery, a high-end Santa Monica institution. Jasmine tea-infused cruffins. Local culinary credibility. Integrated, never imported.

VI

The Cultural Translator

Laufey. A Grammy-winning musician who bridges East and West in her DNA. Half Icelandic, half Chinese, fully mainstream. The smartest signal. The one that hasn't fully broken through yet.

Illustration of Laufey, rendered in engraving style against Yunnan motifs - elephant, bamboo, pagoda, peonies - in Chagee's signature navy

Laufey's first language was Mandarin.

Half Icelandic, half Chinese. Classical training from a family of conservatory musicians. A Grammy winner at 24 for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album. 43 million Spotify listeners. The most-streamed Icelandic artist in history, surpassing Björk.[12]

43.3M
Spotify monthly listeners
10.3M
TikTok followers
5B+
Total global streams
350K
Book club members

The paradox that makes it work

Laufey appears niche. Jazz, cello, orchestral arrangements. But her audience is massive and mainstream. She makes vintage feel fresh for people born after 2000.

Chagee appears niche. Chinese tea, cultural heritage, traditional aesthetics. But it operates like Starbucks with 8-second automated service and 7,300 stores.

Both are mainstream dressed as niche.

That's not coincidence. That's strategic alignment. The Laufey partnership is the thesis made human.

But here's the real parallel. Laufey gets discovered for the aesthetic: the vintage look, the orchestral arrangements, the cool factor. She gets kept for the music. It actually works on repeat.

The question for Chagee is whether the same trick works in reverse: can a brand that gets discovered for luxury packaging keep you coming back for the tea?

The US competitive landscape

WHICH DOOR EACH BRAND CHOSE · AND WHAT IT TELLS YOU

Brand First US Location US Stores US Price Range Playbook
Chagee
霸王茶姬
Westfield Century City, LA
May 2025 · Premium mall
7+ $5.95 - $7.75 Front Door
Heytea
喜茶
Broadway, Midtown Manhattan
Dec 2023 · Tourist hub
35+ $7 - $10 Front Door
Luckin Coffee
瑞幸咖啡
Greenwich Village + NoMad, NYC
June 2025 · Urban hubs
9 $2 - $5 Front Door
Molly Tea
茉莉奶白
Flushing, Queens
2024 · Chinatown gateway
5+ $5 - $8 Side Door
Auntea Jenny
沪上阿姨
Flushing, Queens
2024 · Diaspora base
3+ $5 - $7 Side Door
Gong Cha
貢茶
Flushing, Queens
2014 · Taiwanese franchise wave
300+ $5 - $7 Side Door
Mixue
蜜雪冰城
Koreatown, NYC
2025 · Asian-adjacent
3+ $1 - $4 Side Door

The front-door brands share a common trait: heavy capitalization and a stated ambition to compete at the category level, well above the ethnic niche. Chagee's distinction is the specific door it chose. Where Heytea and Luckin picked high-traffic Manhattan, Chagee picked a lifestyle-coded luxury mall in West LA.[10][11]

The front door gets you in the room.
It doesn't guarantee applause.

"Mediocre milk tea at best… prioritizes branding over substance."
- Time Out Los Angeles, reviewing the Century City store

Google and Yelp reviews averaged 3.4 stars in the first months. Specialty tea reviewers rated the product "threshold of C+ and B." Adequate but unremarkable when judged on tea quality rather than marketing. The strategy was brilliant. The product reception was mixed.

That tension between smart positioning and unproven product is the real story. And it's one most brand case studies refuse to tell.

The Question

Does the story end here?

Stock down 58%. Same-store sales collapsing. The critics are not impressed. But the playbook, choosing the front door, choosing the right front door, is the most interesting thing a Chinese brand has attempted in the US market in years.

The lesson isn't whether Chagee succeeds.
It's what happens after you walk through the door.

The side door still works if you're building a regional franchise. Gong Cha has 300 US stores to prove it. But if your ambition is to compete at the category level, to be the Starbucks of tea instead of the ethnic option, category positioning is set on day one. Chagee got that right.

But the front door gets you into a room. It doesn't furnish it. "Premium brewed Chinese tea" is a category American consumers don't recognize. There is no mental slot for it. Coffee has one. Boba has one. Even matcha has one. Chagee isn't just entering a market. They're trying to build one that doesn't exist yet.

The Dior-esque cup gets people in line on Saturday. The question is what gets them back on Tuesday. And Wednesday. And the week after that. Right now, nobody has answered that question. Including Chagee.

The door is open. The room is empty.

Sources

  1. 36Kr, "CHAGEE: Are the Flagship Products Fading in Appeal?" Dec 3, 2025. Link
  2. CNBC/Reuters, "Chagee IPO climbs 15% on Nasdaq debut," Apr 17, 2025. Link
  3. StockAnalysis.com, "Chagee Holdings (CHA) Revenue 2022–2025." Link
  4. KR-Asia, "Chagee Q3: 7,338 stores globally," Dec 8, 2025. Link
  5. Chagee 2024 Annual Report (via MarketScreener), net margin data.
  6. 36Kr company profile, SKU volume/automation claims.
  7. 36Kr, same-store GMV analysis: ¥574K→¥378K sequence, Dec 2025.
  8. Baiguan News, "Chagee PR crisis timeline," Jan 7, 2026. Link
  9. JPMorgan analyst note, initial Sell rating (via KR-Asia), Q4 2025.
  10. Eater NY, "Molly Tea opens Flushing flagship," 2024; CNN, "Luckin Coffee opens first US locations," June 2025; Heytea US media coverage, 2023–2024.
  11. Eater LA, "Chagee Century City: 5K cups Day 1," May 2025.
  12. Chartmetric/Spotify, Laufey metrics snapshot, late 2025.